- Abstract Expressionist:
- An American movement of the 1940s and 50s, its most famous proponents were Pollock, de Kooning, and Rothko. With roots in Surrealism, it attempted to break from Europe and tradition.
- Ancient Art:
- With few remaining examples, early art often favored drawing over color. Much surviving work was found in recently discovered tombs, such as Egyptian frescoes, or recovered pottery and metalwork.
- Art Nouveau:
- A European and American movement, specifically of applied art, of the nineteenth century that is characterized by sinuous lines and stylized natural forms. Famous artists include Gaudi', Mucha, and Charles Rennie Mackintosh.
- Baroque:
- A period starting in the seventeenth century where the artistic style of the same name flourished in Europe. This highly ornamented style was concerned with balance and harmony of the whole work.
- Bauhaus:
- German school founded in 1919 to raise the profile of crafts to that of fine art. It established a relationship between design and industry and influenced the teaching of art.
- Bloomsbury Group:
- Meeting in the Bloomsbury area of London in the early twentieth century, this group of artists and writers had no common philosophy. Rather, they were an intellectual elite reacting against the restrictions of Victorian Britain.
- Byzantine:
- Art relating to this eastern Roman Empire established in the fourth century. A religious art, it is characterized by massive domes, rounded arches, and mosaics.
- Classical Art:
- Relating to or in the form of ancient Roman and Greek art and architecture. Primarily concerned with geometry and symmetry instead of individual expression.
- Cubist:
- An abstract form of art, developed in Europe in the 1900s by Picasso and Braque. It abandoned realistic representation of perspective and subject and concentrated on solidity and volume.
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- Early Medieval:
- A highly religious art from the period beginning in the fifth century in western Europe. Characterized by iconography and paintings illustrating scenes from the bible.
- Early Renaissance:
- Beginning in the fourteenth century in Italy, this period attempted to emulate classical art's concern with symmetry and naturalism, searching for the perfect form.
- Expressionism:
- German movement of the early twentieth century that concentrated on painting emotions rather than physical reality. Bright colors and strange forms are typical in such works.
- Fauvist:
- From the French for "Wild Beast", this early twentieth century style is characterized by strong colors and expressive brushwork which convey an emotional and fantastical depth.
- Flemish Baroque:
- Spain and Catholicism influenced seventeenth-century Flanders, producing works concentrating on spirituality and play of light, yet were still sensuous and colorful.
- High Renaissance:
- Developing from the Early Renaissance in the fifteenth century, Italian artists, such as Michelangelo and Titian, were interested in perspective and the illusion of space. They created more realistic pictures than ever before.
- Impressionist:
- Named after Monet's depiction of the effect of light on the French countryside in the 1860s, the group of artists were concerned with representing contemporary experience rather than historical events or the imagination.
- International Gothic:
- This amalgamation of Northern European and Italian styles was fashionable in the late fourteenth century and is characterized by elegance and an interest in detail.
- Mannerist:
- A reaction against the harmony and order of sixteenth-century art, typified by elongated forms and dramatic movement.
- Modern Realist:
- This late-twentieth-century American and British movement was influenced by consummerism, often reproducing photograph-like techniques of everyday scenes, in a colorful and glamorous way.
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